2016年東莞小升初英語知識點歸納總結
2016年東莞小升初英語知識點歸納總結
一、名詞復數規則
1.一般情況下,直接加-s,如:book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds
2.以s. x. sh. ch結尾,加-es,如:bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches
3.以“輔音字母+y”結尾,變y為i, 再加-es,如:family-families, strawberry-strawberries
4.以“f或fe”結尾,變f或fe為v, 再加-es,如:knife-knives 5.不規則名詞復數: man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen, mouse-mice child-children foot-feet,.tooth-teeth fish-fish, people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese
寫出下列各詞的復數
I _________him _________this ___________her ______watch _______child _______photo ________diary ______
day________ foot________ book_______ dress ________tooth_______ sheep ______box_______ strawberry _____
peach______ sandwich ______dish_______bus_______man______ woman_______
二、一般現在時
1.一般現在時表示經?;蛄晳T性的動作,也可表示現在的狀態或主語具備的性格和能力。
2.一般現在時中,沒有be動詞和情態動詞,主語為第三人稱單數的肯定句,動詞要按規則加上s,主語是非第三人稱單數的肯定句,動詞用原形。
3.在一般現在時中,句中有be動詞或情態動詞時,否定句在be動詞和情態動詞后加not,一般疑問句將be動詞或情態動詞放在句首。 4.在一般現在時中,句中沒有be動詞或情態動詞時,主語為第三人稱單數的否定句在動詞前加does+not (doesn’t),一般疑問句在句首加does,句子中原有動詞用原形;主語為非第三人稱單數,否定句用do+not (don’t),一般疑問句在句首加do,句子中動詞用原形。
動詞+s的變化規則
1.一般情況下,直接加-s,如:cook-cooks, milk-milks
2 .以s. x. sh. ch. o結尾,加-es,如:guess-guesses, wash-washes, watch-watches, go-goes
3.以“輔音字母+y”結尾,變y為i, 再加-es,如:study-studies
一般現在時基本用法介紹
【No. 1】一般現在時的功能
1.表示事物或人物的特征、狀態。如:The sky is blue.天空是藍色的。
2.表示經常性或習慣性的動作。如:I get up at six every day.我天天六點起床。
3.表示客觀現實。如:The earth goes around the sun.地球繞著太陽轉。
一般現在時的構成
1. be動詞:主語 be(am,is,are) 其它。如:
I am a boy.我是一個男孩。
2.行為動詞:主語 行為動詞( 其它)。如:
We study English.我們學習英語。
當主語為第三人稱單數(he, she,it)時,要在動詞后加"-s"或"-es"。如:Mary likes Chinese.瑪麗喜歡漢語。
【No. 2】一般現在時的變化
1. be動詞的變化。
否定句:主語 be not 其它。
如:He is not a worker.他不是工人。
一般疑問句:Be 主語 其它。
如:-Are you a student?
-Yes. I am. / No, I'm not.
非凡疑問句:疑問詞 一般疑問句。如:Where is my bike?
2.行為動詞的變化。
否定句:主語 don't( doesn't ) 動詞原形( 其它)。如:
I don't like bread.
當主語為第三人稱單數時,要用doesn't構成否定句。如:
He doesn't often play.
一般疑問句:Do( Does ) 主語 動詞原形 其它。如:
- Do you often play football?
- Yes, I do. / No, I don't.
當主語為第三人稱單數時,要用does構成一般疑問句。如:
- Does she go to work by bike?
- Yes, she does. / No, she doesn't.
2.行為動詞的變化。
否定句:主語 don't( doesn't ) 動詞原形( 其它)。如:
I don't like bread.
當主語為第三人稱單數時,要用doesn't構成否定句。如:
He doesn't often play.
一般疑問句:Do( Does ) 主語 動詞原形 其它。如:
- Do you often play football?
- Yes, I do. / No, I don't.
當主語為第三人稱單數時,要用does構成一般疑問句。如:
- Does she go to work by bike?
- Yes, she does. / No, she doesn't.
動詞 s的變化規則
1.一般情況下,直接加-s,如:cook-cooks, milk-milks
2.以s. x. sh. ch. o結尾,加-es,如:guess-guesses, wash-washes, watch-watches, go-goes
3.以“輔音字母 y”結尾,變y為i, 再加-es,如:study-studies
用括號內動詞的適當形式填空。
1. He often ________(have) dinner at home.
2. Daniel and Tommy _______(be) in Class One.
3. We _______(not watch) TV on Monday.
4. Nick _______(not go) to the zoo on Sunday.
5. ______ they ________(like) the World Cup?
6. What _______they often _______(do) on Saturdays?
7. _______ your parents _______(read) newspapers every day?
8. The girl _______(teach) us English on Sundays.
9. She and I ________(take) a walk together every evening.
10. There ________(be) some water in the bottle.
11. Mike _______(like) cooking.
12. They _______(have) the same hobby.
13. My aunt _______(look) after her baby carefully.
14. You always _______(do) your homework well.
15. I _______(be) ill. I’m staying in bed.
16. She _______(go) to school from Monday to Friday.
17. Liu Tao _______(do) not like PE.
18. The child often _______(watch) TV in the evening.
19. Su Hai and Su Yang _______(have) eight lessons this term.
20. -What day _______(be) it today?
- It’s Saturday
三、現在進行時
1.現在進行時表示現在正在進行或發生的動作,也可表示當前一段時間內的活動或現階段正在進行的動作。
2.現在進行時的肯定句基本結構為be+動詞ing.
3.現在進行時的否定句在be后加not。
4.現在進行時的一般疑問句把be動詞調到句首。
5.現在進行時的非凡疑問的基本結構為:
疑問詞不達意 be 主語 動詞ing?
但疑問詞當主語時其結構為:
疑問詞不達意 be 動詞ing?
動詞加ing的變化規則
1.一般情況下,直接加ing,如:cook-cooking
2.以不發音的e結尾,去e加ing,如:make-making, taste-tasting
3.如果末尾是一個元音字母和一個輔音字母,雙寫末尾的輔音字母,再加ing,如:run-running, stop-stopping
寫出下列動詞的現在分詞:
play________ run__________ swim _________make__________
go_________ like________ write________ _ski___________
read________ have_________ sing ________ dance_________
put_________ see________ buy _________ love____________
live_______ take_________ come ________ get_________
stop_________ sit ________ begin________ shop___________
二、用所給的動詞的正確形式填空:
1.The boy __________________ ( draw)a picture now.
2. Listen .Some girls _______________ ( sing)in the classroom .
3. My mother _________________ ( cook )some nice food now.
4. What _____ you ______ ( do ) now?
5. Look . They _______________( have) an English lesson .
6.They ____________(not ,water) the flowers now.
7.Look! the girls ________________(dance )in the classroom .
8.What is our granddaughter doing? She _________(listen ) to music.
9. It’s 5 o’clock now. We _____________(have)supper now
10.______Helen____________(wash )clothes? Yes ,she is .
四、將來時理論及練習
一、概念:表示將要發生的動作或存在的狀態及打算、計劃或預備做某事。句中一般有以下時間狀語:tomorrow, next day(week, month, year…),soon, the day after tomorrow(后天)等。
二、基本結構:①be going to do;②will do.
三、否定句:在be動詞(am, is, are)l后加not或情態動詞will后加not成won’t。
例如:I’m going to have a picnic this afternoon.→ I’m not going to have a picnic this afternoon.
四、同義句:be going to = will
1.be going to 表示將要發生的事或打算、計劃、決定要做的事情。
2.肯定句:be going to +動詞原形,如:Jim is going to play football. 否定句:be not going to +動詞原形,如:Jim is not going to play football. 一般疑問句:把be動詞調到句首,如:Is Jim going to play football? 特殊疑問句:疑問詞+be+主語+going to+動詞原形?如:What is Jim going to do? 疑問詞當主語時:疑問詞+be+going to+動詞原形?如:Who is going to play football?
I am going to go swimming tomorrow(明天). = I will go swimming tomorrow.
練習:
填空。
1. 我打算明天和朋友去野炊。
I_____ _______ _________ have a picnic with my friends.
I ________ have a picnic with my friends.
2.我們將要學習英語
We _____ _______ _________ learn English.
We ________ learn English.
五、一般過去時
1.一般過去時表示過去某個時間發生的動作或存在的狀態,常和表示過去的時間狀語連用。一般過去時也表示過去經?;蚍磸桶l生的動作感謝。
2.Be動詞在一般過去時中的變化:
⑴am 和is在一般過去時中變為was。(was not=wasn’t)
⑵are在一般過去時中變為were。(were not=weren’t)
⑶帶有was或were的句子,其否定、疑問的變化和is, am, are一樣,即否定句在was或were后加not,一般疑問句把was或were調到句首。
3.句中沒有be動詞的一般過去時的句子
否定句:didn’t +動詞原形,如:Jim didn’t go home yesterday. 一般疑問句:在句首加did,句子中的動詞過去式變回原形。如:Did Jim go home yesterday? 特殊疑問句:
⑴疑問詞+did+主語+動詞原形?如: What did Jim do yesterday? ⑵疑問詞當主語時:疑問詞+動詞過去式?如:Who went to home yesterday?
動詞過去式變化規則:
1.一般在動詞末尾加-ed,如:pull-pulled, cook-cooked
2.結尾是e加d,如:taste-tasted
3.末尾只有一個元音字母和一個輔音字母的重讀閉音節,應雙寫末尾的輔音字母,再加-ed,如:stop-stopped
4.以“輔音字母+y”結尾的,變y為i,再加-ed,如:study-studied
5.不規則動詞過去式: am,is-was, are-were, do-did, see-saw, say-said, give-gave, get-got, go-went, come-came, have-had, eat-ate, take-took, run-ran, sing-sang, put-put, make-made, read-read, write-wrote, draw-drew, drink-drank, fly-flew, ride-rode, speak-spoke, sweep-swept, swim-swam, sit-sat
過去時練習
寫出下列動詞的過去式
is\am_________ plant________ are ________
drink_________ play_______ go________ make ________
does_________ dance________ worry________ ask _____
taste_________ eat__________ put ______
kick_________ pass_______ do ________
Be動詞的過去時練習(1)
Name ____________ No. ______ Date __________
用be動詞的適當形式填空
1. I _______ at school just now.
2. He ________ at the camp last week.
3. We ________ students two years ago.
4. They ________ on the farm a moment ago.
5. Yang Ling ________ eleven years old last year.
6. There ________ an apple on the plate yesterday.
7. There ________ some milk in the fridge on Sunday.
8. The mobile phone _______ on the sofa yesterday evening.
用be動詞的適當形式填空
1. I ______ an English teacher now.
2. She _______ happy yesterday.
3. They _______ glad to see each other last month.
行為動詞的過去時練習(2)
Name ____________ No. ______ Date __________
用be動詞的適當形式填空
1. I ______ (watch) a cartoon on Saturday.
2. Her father _______ (read) a newspaper last night.
3. We _________ to zoo yesterday, we _____ to the park. (go)
4. ______ you _______ (visit) your relatives last Spring Festival?
5. ______ he _______ (fly) a kite on Sunday? Yes, he ______.
6. Gao Shan _______ (pull) up carrots last National Day holiday.
7. I ____________ (sweep) the floor yesterday, but my mother ______.
8. What ______ she _______ (find) in the garden last morning? She __________ (find) a beautiful butterfly.
(二)小升初英語詞類:
動詞、名詞和形容詞不太容易區分,如不能一眼看出,可用如下方法:
先用“一(量詞)”(如:一個、一張等)和這個詞連起來說,如說得通,一般認為是名詞;說不通再用“很”去判斷,就是把“很”和為個詞連起來說,說得通一般就是形容詞;都說不通就是動詞。(目前我們學過的,以后可能不同)(另外一些很明顯的,如人稱代詞、數詞、情態動詞等一下就可以知道)
1、動詞
這里所說的動詞是指各種動詞總稱,其中包括行為動詞(就是我們平時總說的那種動詞)、be動詞、情態動詞。
(1)行為動詞
就是我們平時上課時說的動詞,表示某一動作或行為。如:sweep、live等。
行為動詞我們已學過它們的四種形式:
原形、+s/es、+ed、+ing,具體判斷方法如下:
↗有,就加ing
讀句子→讀該單詞→認識該單詞→理解意思→看有無be動詞
(若是be going to 就用原形)
↘沒有,再看情態動詞
↗有,就用原形
↗有,就加ed
↘沒有,再看有無表示過去的時間狀語
↗是第三人稱單數就加s或es
↘沒有,再看主語
↘不是第三人稱單數就用原形
(2)be動詞
a、Am--was Is --was Are--were 口訣:我用am, 你用are, is用在他她它,所有復數全用are。
b、肯定和否定句 I am (not) from London. He is(not) a teacher. She is(not) in the dining room. My hair is(not) long. Her eyes are(not) small.
c、一般疑問句 Am I a Chinese? Yes, you are. No, you aren’t. Are they American? Yes, they are. No, they aren’t. Is the cat fat? Yes, it is. No, it isn’t.
我們現在學過的be動詞大致分兩類:is、am、are為一類,一般用于一般現在時、現在進行時和一般將來時中,was和were為另一類,一般用于一般過去時。
判斷步驟:
↗第一、三人稱單數,就用was
↗有,再看人稱
↘第二人稱單數和所有復數,就用were
看有無表示過去的時間狀語
↗第一人稱單數,就用am
↘沒有,再看人稱→第三人稱單數,就有is
↘第二人稱單數和所有復數,就用are
用am, is, are 填空
1. I ______ a boy. ______ you a boy? No, I _____ not.
2. The girl______ Jack's sister.
3. The dog _______ tall and fat.
4. The man with big eyes _______ a teacher.
5. ______ your brother in the classroom?
6. Where _____ your mother? She ______ at home.
7. How _______ your father?
8. Mike and Liu Tao ______ at school.
9. Whose dress ______ this?
10. Whose socks ______ they?
(3)情態動詞
情態動詞也是一類特殊的動詞,平時我們不把它說成是動詞。情態動詞可以和行為動詞同時出現在同一個句子中。
我們現在學過的情態動詞有:can、must、should、would、may。接觸最多的是can。
情態動詞后動詞總是用原形。(不受其他任何條件影響)
2、名詞
表示某一事物,有具體的和抽象的之分。判斷的關鍵詞往往是be動詞,be動詞如果是am、is或was,名詞就用原形;be動詞如果是are或were,名詞就加s或es。
這里強調兩點:不可數名詞都默認為單數,所以總是用is或者was;最好不要根據some、any、a lot of等詞去作判斷,以免受誤導。
如何加后綴:
a.一般情況下,直接加-s,如:book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds
b.以s. x. sh. ch結尾,加-es,如:bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches
c.以“輔音字母+y”結尾,變y為i, 再加-es,如:family-families, strawberry-strawberries
d.以“f或fe”結尾,變f或fe為v, 再加-es,如:knife-knives
e.不規則名詞復數: man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen, mouse-mice child-children foot-feet ,.tooth-teeth fish-fish, people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese
判斷步驟:
↗如是am、is或was→原形
讀句子→讀該單詞→認識該單詞→理解意思→看be動詞
↘如是are或were→加s或es
3、形容詞(包括副詞)
形容詞表示某一事物或的特征,副詞表示某一動作的特征。
形容詞和副詞只有兩種形式:原形和+er。
未作比較的情況下就用原形,比較時就+er。
兩個重要特征:as……as中間一定用原形,有than的時候一定+er。
4、人稱代詞和物主代詞
主格 |
you |
I |
he |
she |
it |
we |
they |
賓格 |
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形容詞性物主代詞 |
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名詞性物主代詞 |
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第一人稱 I me we us my mine our ours
第二人稱 you you you you your yours your yours
第三人稱 he him they them his his their theirs she her her her sit it its its
人稱代詞:有主格和賓格之分。一般動詞前用主格,動詞后用賓格。
物主代詞:有兩類:形容詞性物主代詞(短的)和名詞性物主代詞(長的)
一般看后面有沒有名詞,如有,就用形容詞性物主代詞(短的);如無,就用名詞性物主代詞(長的)。
用所給詞的適當形式填空
1. That is not _________ kite. That kite is very small, but _________ is very big. ( I )
2. The dress is _________. Give it to _________. ( she )
3. Is this _________ watch? (you) No, it’s not _________ . ( I )
4. _________ is my brother. _________ name is Jack. Look! Those stamps are _________. ( he )
5、數量詞
我們學過兩類:基數詞和序數詞?;鶖涤糜诒硎緮盗慷嗌?,而基數詞用于表示次序,常在日期中出現。
6、冠詞
有a、an、the。a和an有具體的意思,一(個…),the沒有具體意思,有時翻譯為這、那。確定用a、an還是the時可根據漢語意思。a和an的區別:an用于元音音素(一般就是元音字母aeiou)前,a用于輔音音素前。
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